Color production with high chroma using complementary color material with different hue at low lightness portion

ABSTRACT

Color production with high chroma in a low lightness portion is realized by using an appropriate complementary color ink to a particular color ink reproducing the low lightness portion. More specially the device secondary color G-K is reproduced with ink of the pure color component composed of the color mixture of the particular color G ink and the basic color Y ink to tone the particular color G ink. In addition, as complementary color components, the particular color R ink and K ink are used. Thereby, the reproduction line is substantially linear from the device secondary color G point to the device K point. In color reproduction at the dark portion of the color on the G-K line, sufficient chroma can be obtained.

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/752,510, filed May 23, 2007, the contents of which are incorporatedby reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, aprinting apparatus and an image processing method, and particularly tocolor separation in which a particular color recording material is usedat a low lightness portion in a color reproduction range by a printingapparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

An image forming apparatus that forms image information (includingcharacters, symbols and the like) on a print medium is known as aprinter, a copier, and a facsimile machine or an output device ofinformation processed by a computer or a word processor. Such an imageprocessing apparatus performs the printing based upon image informationwith use of a printing mechanism, on the print medium such as papers orplastic thin sheets (OHP sheet). Examples representative of theseprinting systems include an ink jet system, a wire dot system, athermo-sensitive system, a thermal-transfer system, anelectro-photographic system using a laser beam and the like, and thelike.

Among these printing systems described above, the ink jet system ejectsink from a print head in the form of drop to be landed to the printmedium for forming dots to generate an image thereon. An ink jet printerusing this system is widely used recently as an output device for aninformation processing equipment such as a computer or the like.

In the ink jet printer, dyes or pigments are used as coloring materialscontained in the ink as recording materials. Basic colors of cyan (C),magenta (M) and yellow (Y) as three primary colors of the subtractivecolor mixing are used as ink colors by the coloring materials. Also, asystem using four colors containing further black (K) is generally used.This system can realize reduction in an ink applying amount to the printmedium or the density improvement, by further using black. Further, in asystem for a high image quality of a photographic image, the ink oflight cyan (LC) and light magenta (LM), which have lower concentrationthan that of cyan and magenta inks, may be used as quasi-basic color inkin addition to the ink of the above four colors. This allows the imagequality improvement such as reducing a granular feeling on a highlightpart of the printed image. Also, print systems further using ink of gray(Gry) and light gray (light Gry) are known.

In the meantime, a demand for higher image quality is recentlyincreasing with wide use of a color printer. However, the above statedbasic colors and quasi-basic colors have the limitation in reproducingcolor and it is hard to reproduce a relative bright color therewith.Therefore, particular colors such as red (R), orange (O), green (G),blue (B), violet (V) and the like in addition to the basic colors andthe quasi-basic colors are used to realize color reproduction with highchroma which is impossible to be reproduced only with the basic colorand the quasi-basic color.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-112809 (1998) discloses that withregard to basic color recording materials produced by color separation,color separation in a system of using particular colors is made byexchanging two of the basic colors for the particular color obtained bymixing the two basic color recording materials. More specifically,Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-112809 discloses the color separationfor broadening a color reproduction region by using particular color Oink in addition to inks of the basic colors M and Y, with regard to thehue between respective hues of M and Y as shown in FIG. 1.

Further, recently, color printers with high photographic image qualityoriented for photographers or high level amateurs of photos, among colorprinters using particular colors, have been widely used. In such printerwith high photographic image quality, a delicate color reproduction isrequired even in a gamut to which attention is not paid in aconventional color printer. One example is a delicate expression of agradation at a dark portion (low lightness portion) in a colorreproduction region by a printer. For realizing the delicate gradationexpression at the dark portion, the chroma in the dark portion of thecolor reproduction region by the printer becomes important.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a color reproduction region by a printer ona C* L* plane. For example, a color reproduction region in a case wherethe chroma at the dark portion of printer color reproduction region islow, has an out line that is shown in color reproduction line a1, b1, b2or b3. On the other hand, a color reproduction region in a case wherethe chroma at the dark portion of printer color reproduction region ishigh is shown in color reproduction line b4 or b5.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show views showing how a difference in chroma at the darkportion of color reproduction region influences an image quality andshow a photographic image of green ivy. FIGS. 3 and 4 correspond torespective printing based on the same data of a photographic image, in acase of using a color reproduction region where the chroma at the darkportion is low as the color reproduction line b1 shown in FIG. 2 and ina case of using a color reproduction region where the chroma at the darkportion is high as the color reproduction line b4 shown in FIG. 2. Therespective printed images are color images in which the lightness isnearly equal and the chroma is different. In the present specification,for explaining the image with a binary image of white and black, FIGS. 3and 4 are expressed as binary images of white and black which aresubjected to a process of extracting the chroma C* only.

As described above, FIG. 3 shows an image of green ivy by the colorreproduction region where the chroma at the dark portion is low, andFIG. 4 shows an image of green ivy by the color reproduction regionwhere the chroma at the dark portion is high. In these figures, theportion shown as black is a low chrome region and the portion shown aswhite is a high chrome region. Here, a comparison of an image (attentionpart P1) by the color reproduction region in which the chroma at thedark portion is low with an image (attention part P2) by the colorreproduction region where the chrome at the dark portion is high is asfollows. In the attention part P1 in FIG. 3, the shade portion of an ivyleaf becomes black wholly and the detail can not be determined. On theother hand, in the attention part P2 in FIG. 4, even the shade portionof an ivy leaf is expressed in white and with high chroma and the detailcan be determined. Here, the image of the green ivy is exemplified, butwhen an image like a leaf of an acicular tree is used, the number ofleaves which can be determined changes depending on the chrome at thedark portion. In addition, the above result is applied to not only animage in green but also an image of hair of humans or animals in adifferent hue.

As described above, by performing the color reproduction with higherchrome even at the dark portion in the printer gamut, more delicatecolor reproduction (gradation value) can be made.

As the conventional art where attention is paid even to the colorreproduction at the dark portion, there is known a color separation withrespect to basic colors which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-OpenNo. 2002-10096. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-10096 discloses theart which sets the amount of black ink so that the maximum gamut isobtained within the ejection amount (coverage) limit, in order tobroaden the gamut of the color reproduction region at the dark portionin a printer of four colors of C, M, Y and K.

In addition, as the conventional arts where attention is paid to colorreproduction at the dark portion in a system using a particular color,there are known arts disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos.2003-11432, 2005-205812, and 2005-217987. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos.2003-11432, 2005-205812, and 2005-217987 disclose a system usingparticular color (G) ink realizing high lightness and high chrome, asshown in FIG. 5. More specifically, when reproducing a secondary color,a particular color is positively used in the high lightness region wherereproduction region broadening is effectively made by the particularcolor. Then, since use of color mixture of basic color inks may broadenthe color reproduction region more than use of the particular color atthe low lightness portion (dark portion), the particular color ink isless used and the chroma is expressed with color mixing of the basiccolors. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing one example of this colorseparation. As shown in the figure, according to the color separationdisclosed by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-11432 or the like, thecolor reproduction in the light region is made using the particularcolor (G) ink in FIG. 5 and the color reproduction in the dark region ismade using C ink and Y ink mainly.

Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2005-059361 and 2005-059360describe color separation that uses a particular color as acomplementary color component for a basic color at a low lightnessportion of the hue opposite the hue of the particular color so as tobroaden a color reproduction region at a dark portion, in a system usingthe particular color for realizing high lightness and high chroma. FIG.7 is a diagram showing one example of this color separation. As shown inthe figure, the color reproduction in a primary color Cyan-Black havingthe hue opposite the hue of the particular color Red is realized byusing the particular color R ink as a complementary color component forbasic color C ink. In addition, these patent documents, as shown in FIG.7, further describe that a secondary color Red-Black is reproduced usingthe particular color R ink, as well as basic color C ink and quasi-basiccolor K ink as complementary color components.

The color separation of conventional arts described above is, however,not sufficient in view of increasing the chroma at a low lightnessportion.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-112809 does not disclose any colorseparation that realizes broadening the reproduction region at the darkportion in a color reproduction region of a printer. Japanese PatentLaid-Open No. 2002-10096 discloses the color separation where attentionis paid to broadening the reproduction region at the dark portion, butuses only basic colors without using particular colors. Therefore, animprovement of sufficient chroma at the dark portion can not beexpected. In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2003-11432,2005-205812 and 2005-217987 basically relate to the color separation inless use of the particular color at the dark portion. Therefore,likewise, an improvement of sufficient chroma at the dark portion cannot be expected.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2005-059361 and2005-059360 disclose that as described above, the color reproduction atthe back portion of secondary color Red-Black is made using particularcolor R ink having the hue similar to that of the secondary color andbasic colors of M and Y ink, and also using K and C ink as complementarycolors. According to these color separations, it is possible to broadenthe color reproduction region at the dark portion (low lightnessportion).

However, since the color separation uses the basic color and thequasi-basic color as the complementary color components, there is a casewhere these complementary colors do not become idealized complementarycolors for the particular color in terms of a reflection spectrum. As aresult, the color reproduction where the lightness is sufficientlylowered and at the same time, reduction of the chroma is prevented maynot be realized. Thus, it may not be possible to realize high chroma atthe dark portion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide an image processingapparatus, a printing apparatus and an image processing method which arecapable of realizing color reproduction with high chroma at a lowlightness portion by using a recording material of an appropriatecomplementary color for a particular color recording material forreproducing the low lightness portion.

In the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an imageprocessing apparatus that performs a color separation process for, asrecording materials used for color reproduction, determining an amountof a particular color recording material expressing a color having a huedifferent from respective hues expressed by each of basic colorrecording materials corresponding to three primary colors, saidapparatus comprising: color separation means for determining an amountof each of a first and a second particular color recording materials sothat, among colors to be reproduced by using the first particular colorrecording material, a color having a lightness lower than a lightness ofa color having a maximum chroma is reproduced by using the secondparticular color recording material as well as the first particularcolor recording material.

In the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided animage processing method of performing a color separation process for, asrecording materials used for color reproduction, determining an amountof a particular color recording material expressing a color having a huedifferent from respective hues expressed by each of basic colorrecording materials corresponding to three primary colors, said methodcomprising: a color separation step for determining an amount of each ofa first and a second particular color recording materials so that, amongcolors to be reproduced by using the first particular color recordingmaterial, a color having a lightness lower than lightness of a colorhaving a maximum chroma is reproduced by using the second particularcolor recording material as well as the first particular color recordingmaterial.

In the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided aprinting apparatus that performs printing by using respective basiccolor recording materials corresponding to three primary colors andparticular color recording materials which express different hues fromrespective hues expressed with the basic color recording materials,wherein in a case of reproducing colors on a color reproduction linewhich extends from a color having a maximum chroma to a color of blackand is expressed with a first particular color recording material, asecond particular color recording material as well the first particularcolor recording material.

According to the above configuration, when reproducing a color in a lowlightness by using a first particular color recording material, a secondparticular color recording material is used as a complementary color,the lightness can be effectively lowered and the lowering of the chromacan be prevented. In consequence, even at a dark portion in a colorreproduction region reproduced by the particular color recordingmaterial, the color reproduction with high chrome can be made.

Further features of the present invention will become apparent from thefollowing description of exemplary embodiments (with reference to theattached drawings).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining color separation between device M and Yusing a particular color ink in the conventional example;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing each color reproduction region in a printerby each color separation method, on a C* L* plane;

FIG. 3 is a photo showing a color reproduction of an image of green ivyby a gamut where chroma at a dark portion is low;

FIG. 4 is a photo showing a color reproduction of an image of green ivyby a gamut where chroma at a dark portion is high;

FIG. 5 is a diagram explaining a color reproduction characteristic of aparticular color used in another conventional example by comparing itwith a case of using a basic color C and a basic color Y;

FIG. 6 is a diagram explaining the color separation shown in FIG. 5 byusing a W-G-K line as an example;

FIG. 7 is a diagram explaining color separation relating to a furtherother conventional example by using a C-K line and a R-K line as anexample;

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically explaining coloring of a reflectioncopy and the perception mechanism;

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a spectrum of a white color light D50;

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a spectrum of one example of G ink;

FIG. 11 is a diagram explaining color-matching functions;

FIG. 12 is a diagram explaining a relation between spectrum andlightness;

FIG. 13 is a diagram explaining a relation between spectrum and hue;

FIG. 14 is a diagram explaining a relation between spectrum and chroma;

FIG. 15 is a schematic, perspective view showing an arrangement of aprinting system by an ink jet printer and a host computer in anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing major functions of the host computershown in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an image processing executed in ahost computer shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a cube of a color separation table in adevice RGB color space of a printer;

FIG. 19 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a pure color component in color separation without aparticular color, relating to a comparison example in the embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing each color reproduction region in a printerby each color separation, on an a* b* plane;

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing each color reproduction region in a printerby each color separation, on an a* b* plane;

FIG. 22 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a pure color component by using a complementary colorcomponent as K only, relating to the other comparison example;

FIG. 23 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a pure color component by using complementary colorcomponents as Gry and K, relating to the other comparison example;

FIG. 24 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a pure color component by using complementary colorcomponents as M and K, relating to the other comparison example;

FIG. 25 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a hue of a G-K line by using a complementary colorcomponent as K only, relating to the other comparison example;

FIG. 26 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a hue of a G-K line by using complementary color componentsas Gry and K, relating to the other comparison example;

FIG. 27 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a hue of a G-K line by using complementary color componentsas M and K, relating to the other comparison example;

FIG. 28 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a hue of a G-K line by using complementary color componentsas R and K, relating to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a coloring characteristic of each color ofsuitable pigment ink to which the present invention is effectivelyapplied as a spectrum;

FIG. 30 is a diagram comparing a spectrum by color mixture print of apure color component of color separation shown in FIG. 28, a spectrum ofa single color of G, a spectrum of a single color of R, and a spectrumof a single color of M in color separation shown in FIG. 27;

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing color reproduction at the dark portion in acase of performing the color separation in the conventional example andthe present invention as a spectrum;

FIG. 32 is a diagram explaining color separation of a G-K line in a caseof preparing a hue of the G-K line by using complementary colorcomponents as R, Gry and K, relating to a modification in theembodiment; and

FIG. 33 is a diagram explaining color separation using a particularcolor G as a complementary color component in a R-K line, relating to amodification in the embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described withreference to the accompanying drawings.

Definition of Terms

First, terms used in the present specification will be defined asfollows.

(Primary Color and Secondary Color)

A color corresponding to each of three primary colors of color signalsused by a device such as a display or a printer is called a deviceprimary color and a color formed by mixing any two colors among thethree device primary colors is called a device secondary color. Theseare a narrow defined primary color and a narrow defined secondary colorrespectively as explained below.

In a display coloring by additive color mixing, a color of each R, G andB is a device primary color and a color of each C (=G+B), M (=R+B), andY (=R+G) is a device secondary color. Among colors specified by an inputcolor signal (R, G or B) to a color correction processing section 101 inan image processing arrangement to be described later in FIG. 17, acolor of each R, G or B is a device primary color and a color of each C,M or Y is a device secondary color.

In addition, in a printer coloring by a subtractive color mixing, acolor of each C, M and Y is a device primary color and a color of each R(=M+Y), G (=C+Y), and B (=C+M) is a device secondary color. Among colorsspecified by an input color signal (R, G or B) to a color conversionprocessing section 102 to be described later in FIG. 17, a color of eachC, M and Y is a device primary color and a color of R, G and B is adevice secondary color.

On the other hand, in a broad sense, an elementary color which a devicehas, that is, a color which the device can reproduce by a single colorprinting is a primary color and a mixed color formed by mixing any twocolors among these basic colors is a secondary color.

In the present specification, for avoiding mix-up of the primary colorsin a narrow definition and in a broad definition, and of the secondarycolors in a narrow definition and in a broad definition, the primary andsecondary colors in a narrow definition are called device primary andsecondary colors respectively, and the primary and secondary colors in abroad definition are called simply primary and secondary colorsrespectively.

Further, in the present specification describing color separationprocessing for generating an output data of ink in a printer, colorsspecified by color signals defining points (including lattice points) ona W-C-K line, a W-M-K line and a W-Y-K line in FIG. 18 on a colorseparation table can be defined to be device primary colors. Likewise,colors specified by color signals of points (including lattice points)on a W-R-K line, a W-G-K line, and a W-B-K line can be defined to bedevice secondary colors.

(Basic Color Ink (Recording Material) and Quasi-basic Color Ink(Recording Material))

In the present specification, ink of three colors of C, M and Y as threebasic colors of a subtractive color mixing is called basic color ink,and ink of LC, LM, Gry, LGry, and K, which is the same kind of color asthese or an achromatic color, is called quasi-basic color ink.

(Color Space in Accordance with Visual Feature of Humans)

In the present specification, for comparing the color reproductionregions or specifying the hue, a CIE-L* a* b* space is used as a colorspace in accordance with the visual feature of humans, but is notlimited to this space. For example, an arbitrary color space such asXYZ, L* u* v*, a Munsell color system, Yxy, and L* C* h* may be used. Aportion defined by a CIE-L* a* b* color space described in the presentspecification may be defined by using the above-mentioned color spaceother than the CIE-L* a* b* color space.

(Light Ink)

In an ink jet printer, for reducing a granular feeling due to dots at ahighlight portion which is low in a dot filling ratio on a print medium,there is used ink which has the same kind of color as regular ink (darkink) regularly used and which is low in coloring material concentration.Light cyan (LC) to cyan (C) and light magenta (LM) to magenta (M) aregenerally used, and light gray (LGry) to gray (Gry) may be used. Withregard to an ink composition of each of dark ink and light ink, thecoloring material concentration only may be different from each other,or the coloring material itself may be different from each other. Inconsequence, the dark ink and the light ink both belong to the same kindof color, but the color maybe slightly different from each other. Lightink may be called photo ink.

(Particular Color)

In the present specification, “particular color” denotes a color whichhas different hue from a hue of yellow, magenta or cyan as a basic colorrecording material, in a broad sense. In addition, in a narrowdefinition, in a CIE-L* a* b* color space, “particular color” denotes acolor which can express a chroma higher than a color reproduction regionexpressed on a print medium by combination of two arbitrary recordingmaterials among basic color recording materials of magenta, yellow andcyan, and which shows a hue angle within the color reproduction regionexpressed by combination of the above two arbitrary recording materials.

It is preferable to use a recording material as “particular color” in anarrow definition described above in a case of an application of thepresent invention, but a recording material as “particular color” in abroad sense may be used. In addition, in the present specification, anexample of a particular color ink may include particular color G ink ofthe hue between Y and C, particular color B ink and particular color Vink between C and M, and particular color R ink or particular color Oink of the hue between M and Y.

(Ejection Amount)

In the present specification, “ejection amount” denotes an ink applyingamount that is determined as an amount of a single color of ink appliedto a unit area of a print medium. A total ejection amount denotes a sumof the ejection amounts of all ink kinds used in accordance with a colorseparation table. It should be noted that (ink) duty, (ink) applyingamount, and (ink) coating amount are used in the same way.

The total ink ejection amount which can be accommodated by a printmedium has the upper limit, and has a different value depending on anink amount applied per unit area and unit time, ink properties and printmedium properties. This upper limit has a tendency of becoming smaller,in general as the print resolution is higher, as an ink applying amountper unit time becomes larger because of high-speed printing, aspermeability as the ink properties is lower, or as an ink accommodatinglayer as print medium properties is thinner.

(Color Mixture and Blending)

In the present specification, “color mixture” denotes a state where inksof plural colors are printed on a print medium by means of an areamodulation system. For example, in a case of performing printing inwhich next ink is printed before the ink previously printed, which is ofdye, dries up, the expression of this “color mixture” is appropriate. Incontrast, in a case where the next ink is printed on the ink previouslyprinted as in the case of a pigment ink, so that the previously printedink is covered with the later printed ink, the expression of “layer” isappropriate. In the present specification, these expressions areselectively used in accordance with the content to be described.

In addition, in the present specification, “blended” ink denotes ink ofa state where plural kinds of ink are blended in an ink drop state. Thisis the meaning similar to “color mixture” for the case of theabove-mentioned dye ink system, but since a coloring material to be usedis not limited to dye in the present specification, “color mixture” and“blending” ink are distinguished intentionally.

(Name of Color)

In the present specification, names of colors are used as follows andare selectively used in accordance with the contents to be describedrespectively.

White, W, and white denote a white color. Black, Bk, K and black denotea black color. Cyan and C denote cyan. Magenta and M denote magenta.Yellow, Y and yellow denote a yellow color. Red, R and red denoted a redcolor. Green, G and green denote a green color. Blue, B and blue denotea blue color. Orange, O and orange denote an orange color. Violet, V andviolet denote a violet color. Light Cyan, LC, PC, light cyan, and photocyan denote light cyan. Light Magenta, LM, PM, light magenta and photomagenta denote light magenta. Gray, Gry, and gray denote a gray color.Light Gray, Light Gry, LGry, light gray and photo gray denote a lightgray color.

(Pure Color and Complementary Color)

In the present specification, a color having an effect of reducing atleast one of chroma and lightness when that color is mixed to apredetermined color is called a complementary color and thepredetermined color of which the chroma or the lightness is reduced iscalled a pure color. For example, such as a basic color C to aparticular color R, a color which becomes a complementary colorindependently exists. However, such as both of a basic color M and abasic color Y to a basic color C, the complementary color may be a mixedcolor of plural colors. In the present specification, in a case wherethe mixed color of the plural colors thus becomes a complementary colorin terms of an essential meaning, each color of the plural colors isalso called a complementary color.

For example, the following examples show a relation of pure color andcomplementary color or complementary color and pure color: particularcolor R or particular color O, basic color M and basic color Y to basiccolor C; particular color G, basic color C and basic color Y to basiccolor M; and particular color B or particular color V, basic color C andbasic color M to basic color Y.

Matter Concerning Color Engineering

Next, some matters concerning color engineering used in the presentspecification will be explained briefly.

(Coloring of Reflection Copy and Perception Mechanism)

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a perception mechanism ofcolors in the reflection copy. Each of regions A, B and C shown in FIG.8 corresponds to irradiation of light, absorption of light by a copy andreflection of a partial zone, and visual recognition of humans.Hereinafter, in a case of observing under a white color light thereflection copy on which a patch for measuring a green color is printed,the coloring and the perception mechanism will be explained.

Visible light (red color light) of long wavelength 502, visible light(green color light) of medium wave length 503 and visible light (bluecolor light) of short wave length 504 are radiated in a mixed state froma white color light source 501.

Light from a white color light source 501 enters onto an object patch505 of the reflection copy 506, and light 502 of long wave length andlight 504 of short wave length, which are part of the above light, areabsorbed. On the other hand, light of medium wave length 503 which isnot absorbed is reflected from the copy and reaches eyes of humans 508as reflection light 507.

The white color light is radiated in the entire zone of the wave lengthfrom 380 nm to 730 nm that are perceived by the human eye, as shown in agraph 509 and FIG. 9 showing the detail of the graph 509. On the otherhand, the reflective characteristics of the patch portion is formed as aband pass filter where a shortwave length and a long wave length are cutand a medium wave length is transmitted, as shown in a graph 510 and inFIG. 10 showing the detail of the graph 510. In consequence, withrespect to the white color light 505, a short wave length 904 and a longwave length 902 are cut by the characteristics 510 of the band passfilter and a medium wave length (region of a green color) 907 onlyremains to reach eyes of humans 508.

The light which has entered onto the eyes of humans 508 is perceivedaccording to color-matching functions having three kinds of differentresponse characteristics which are shown in a graph 511 and FIG. 11showing the detail of the graph 511. Light of the medium wave length 507is, since it has a peak in the vicinity of 500 nm, not nearly perceivedin a z color-matching function, but is strongly perceived in a ycolor-matching function and in an x color-matching function.

The processes of irradiation and reflection and recognition in theselights are represented according to the following formulas of formula 1,formula 2 and formula 3 by using an integration of a wave length λ.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack & \; \\{X = {100\frac{\int{{R(\lambda)}{P(\lambda)}{\overset{\_}{x}(\lambda)}{\mathbb{d}\lambda}}}{\int{{P(\lambda)}{\overset{\_}{y}(\lambda)}{\mathbb{d}\lambda}}}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 1} \\{Y = {100\frac{\int{{R(\lambda)}{P(\lambda)}{\overset{\_}{y}(\lambda)}{\mathbb{d}\lambda}}}{\int{{P(\lambda)}{\overset{\_}{y}(\lambda)}{\mathbb{d}\lambda}}}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 2} \\{Z = {100\frac{\int{{R(\lambda)}{P(\lambda)}{\overset{\_}{z}(\lambda)}{\mathbb{d}\lambda}}}{\int{{P(\lambda)}{\overset{\_}{y}(\lambda)}{\mathbb{d}\lambda}}}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 3}\end{matrix}$

In summary, an X value responds mainly to light of a red region, a Yvalue responds mainly to light of a green region and a Z value respondsmainly to light of a blue region. In particular, the Y value showslightness, too.

Further, a coordinate value (L*, a* and b*) modified to form a uniformcolor space where an Euclidean distance in a color space corresponds toa color difference is represented according to the following formulas offormula 5, formula 6 and formula 7 by using formula 4.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack & \; \\{{f\left( \frac{Z}{Z_{n}} \right)} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}\left( \frac{X}{X_{n}} \right)^{\frac{1}{3}} & {0.008856 < \left( \frac{X}{X_{n}} \right)} \\{{7.787\left( \frac{X}{X_{n}} \right)} + \frac{16}{116}} & {\left( \frac{X}{X_{n}} \right) \leq 0.008856}\end{matrix}\left( {{x\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu} X},{{Y.\mspace{11mu}{or}}\mspace{14mu} Z}} \right)} \right.} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 4} \\{\mspace{79mu}{L^{*} = {{116\;{f\left( \frac{Y}{Y_{n}} \right)}} - 16}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 5} \\{\mspace{79mu}{a^{*} = {500\left\lbrack {{f\left( \frac{X}{X_{n}} \right)} - {f\left( \frac{Y}{Y_{n}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 6} \\{\mspace{79mu}{b^{*} = {200\left\lbrack {{f\left( \frac{Y}{Y_{n}} \right)} - {f\left( \frac{Z}{Z_{n}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 7}\end{matrix}$(Spectrum and Color Reproduction)

FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 are diagrams showing a comparison of xyzcolor-matching functions with reflected lights from the reflection copy(in the case of a white color light source, showing the tendency similarto a spectral reflection coefficient of the copy) for each wave length.With respect to the lateral axis of the figure, the lower side shows atristimulus value and the upper side shows a radiation energy of thereflected light (∝ spectral reflection coefficient). It should be notedthat the state of non-reflected light shows a black color and “paperwhite” shown in the figure shows a white color.

(Spectrum and Lightness)

Lightness is represented by a Y value. For increasing (brightening) theY value shown in Formula 2, light of larger amplitude is entered into azone where the response of the y color-matching function is active.Accordingly, when the wave length zone is the same in FIG. 12, thereflected light 901 of a small amplitude is small is dark and the light902 of a large amplitude is bright. It should be noted that lightness isrepresented by L* in an L* a* b* coloring system.

(Spectrum and Hue)

A hue showing coloring depends on an irradiation zone (wave length) ofreflected light. When the amplitude and the wave length zone width arethe same in FIG. 13, reflected light 1001 in the short wave lengthregion shows a blue color, the reflection light is shifted to a greencolor and a yellow color as the wave length becomes longer, andreflected light 1002 in the longer wave length region shows a red color.It should be noted that the hue is specified by a hue angle θ of thefollowing formula 9 in the L* a* b* coloring system.[Formula 3]θ≡(180/π) tan⁻¹(b*/a*) [deg]  Formula 9(Spectrum and Chroma)

Chroma showing a vividness of color depends on narrowness of the zonewidth of reflected light and a height of amplitude of reflected light.When the amplitude is the same in FIG. 14, reflected light 1101 of thewide zone, since lights having more hues are overlapped, has low chromaand reflected light 1102 of the narrow zone has the high chroma. Whenthe zone is the same, reflected light 1103 of a larger amplitude has ahigher chroma than reflected light 1102 of a smaller amplitude. Itshould be noted that the chroma is represented by chroma C* of thefollowing formula 8 in the L* b* coloring system.[Formula 4]C*≡√{square root over ((a*)²+(b*)²)}{square root over((a*)²+(b*)²)}  Formula 8(Color Mixture of Inks and Spectrum)

In a printing system of an area modulation type such as an ink jetprinter, when the print medium is observed in a micro way, a portionwhere a paper white color as the ground color of the print medium isexposed as it is, a portion covered with first ink, a portion coveredwith second ink, a portion where the first ink and the second ink aremixed (color mixture) or overlapped (layer) on the print medium, and aportion where the ink mixed and the ink overlapped are overlapped, arepresent in a mixed way, so that the portion formed with ink does notentirely form a layer on the print medium. In addition, in a case of inklike dyestuff where a coloring material molecule is small and thepermeability is high, the ink spreads in the depth direction of theprint medium and the ink permeated deeply in the print medium has aninfluence on color reproduction. In contrast, the ink drop like apigment where a coloring material molecule is large and the permeabilityis low remains relatively on the print medium and the color agent on thesurface tends to be relatively predominant. Further, as seen from thatthe ink drop on the print medium generates an optical dot gain, besidesthe light irradiated on the printed ink dots, the light irradiated inthe region where no ink dot exists may be transmitted on the printmedium to be absorbed by the ink. Therefore, it is not easy toaccurately understand the color reproduction of the ink dot on the printmedium and the mechanism thereof.

However, for understanding a relation between the color mixture of theink and the spectrum in summary, it can be thought that the light isfiltered (absorbed) by ink of the first layer and thereafter, isfiltered by ink of the second layer. It should be noted that here, sinceexactly speaking, the light absorbed by the first layer is not to bereflected from the print medium regardless of the characteristics of thesecond layer, in a case where the printed state on the print medium isformed in a layered state, the order of the layers is important.

A color separation processing according to embodiments of the presentinvention will be hereinafter described in detail. It should be notedthat embodiments to be described are simply examples for explaining thepresent invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

First Embodiment

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a printingsystem having an ink jet printer and a host computer in an embodiment ofthe present invention. In FIG. 15, an ink jet printer 13 is providedwith a plurality (seven colors) of head cartridges (printing portion)1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F and 1G detachably mounted on a carriage 2. Itshould be noted that in a case of showing the entirety of the pluralityof the printing portions 1A to 1G or any one thereof, it is simply shownwith the printing portion (print head or head cartridge) 1.

Each cartridge 1 includes an ink tank portion in the upper side and aprint head portion (ink eject portion) in the lower side to form thestructure of uniting the print head portion and the ink tank. It shouldbe noted that needless to say, the printing portion and the ink tank maybe mutually detached. Each printing portion 1 positions a carriage 2 andis mounted to be replaceable. Each printing portion 1 is provided with aconnector (not shown) for receiving a signal driving the print headportion. On the other hand, the carriage 2 is provided with a connectorholder (electrical connector) for transmitting a drive signal or thelike through the connector to each printing portion 1. And each printingportion 1 on the carriage 2 and a control circuit in the side of thedevice body are connected by a flexible cable for flowing signal pulsecurrent or temperature-modulating current.

The head cartridge 1A has the ink tank portion accommodating ink of K,each of the head cartridges 1B, 1C and 1D has the ink tank portionaccommodating ink of C, M and Y respectively, and each of the headcartridges 1E, 1F and 1G has the ink tank portion accommodating ink ofR, G and B respectively. In addition, eject ports for discharging theink are formed in a certain array on a face (in an example shown in thefigure, a face directed downwards (not shown)) of each print headportion opposing the print medium 8, making it possible to eject the inkaccommodated in each ink tank.

The carriage 2 extends in a main scan direction to be guided andsupported in such a manner as to reciprocally move along a guide shaft 3located in the device body. In addition, the carriage 2 is driventhrough a motor pulley 5, a driven pulley 6 and a timing belt 7 by amain scan motor 4, and moves such that the position and the speed arecontrolled. The print medium 8 such as a sheet or a plastic sheet isheld between two sets of carrying rollers 9, 10 and 11, 12 and iscarried (paper feeding) through a position (printing portion) opposing aeject port face of the print head 1 by rotation of the carrying rollers.It should be noted that the print medium 8 has the back face which issupported by a platen (not shown) so that a flat printing face is formedin the printing portion. In this case, each head cartridge 1 mounted onthe carriage 2 is held so that the eject port face extends from thecarriage 1 to the downward to be held in parallel with the print medium8 between the two sets of the carrying rollers.

The ink jet printer 13 formed by uniting them is connected through acable 15 to the host computer 14 and is controlled by a printer driverinstalled within the host computer 14.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing mainly an arrangement of the hostcomputer in the printing system shown in FIG. 15. The host computer 19is provided with a CPU 202, a memory 203 such as a RAM or a ROM and anexternal memory device 209 such as a hard disc. Further, the hostcomputer 14 is provided with an input section 205 to which an inputdevice such as a key board or a mouse is connected and an interface 206to which peripheral devices such as a printer are to be connected. Therespective sections are connected with each other through a system bus.The CPU 202 executes a program stored in the memory 203, therebyexecuting an image processing to be described later in FIG. 17. Thisprogram is stored in an external memory device 204 or the like and issupplied from the external memory device 204 to the memory 203 asneeded.

The host computer 14 is connected through the interface 206 to theprinter 13 to feed an image data image-processed to the printer 13,making the printer 13 perform a printing action.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing main functions of an image processingexecuted by the host computer 19 and shows the processing to executeconversion of an input image data of 8 bits (256 gradation levels) ofeach of colors R, G and B and output the print data of one bit of eachof colors C, M, Y, K, R, G and B. It should be noted that thisprocessing is realized as a printer driver acting on the host computer14.

The image data of 8 bits of each of colors R, G and B as the input datais, at a color correction processing section 101, corrected to be theimage data of 8 bits of each of colors R, G and B having colors of acolor gamut which the printer can reproduce. This processing is executedby using a three-dimension look-up table (LUT) together with theinterpolation calculation. More specially for example, for producing adesired color reproduction such as color reproduction by a RGB monitor,a gamut mapping technology is used to perform color matching foradapting the color reproduction region of the printer 13 to anappropriate color target on an uniform color space such as L* a* b*. Theknown technology may be used as this gamut mapping technology. It shouldbe noted that the color correction processing is not necessarilyrequired to use a table and the color correction processing may beexecuted by an appropriate linear or non-linear color correctionfunction.

Next, a color conversion processing section 102 executes colorseparation processing to be described later in FIG. 28 or the like wherethe RGB image data is converted into an image data of 8 bits of each ofcolors C, M, Y, K, R, G and B. This processing is also executed by usingthe three-dimension LUT together with the interpolation calculation.This processing causes a combination of color signals C, M, Y, K, R, Gand B of ink at the time of reproducing an image represented by thecolor signal RGB with a printer to be determined.

An output gamma correction section 103 executes an output gammacorrection for image data of 8 bits of each of colors C, M, Y, K, R, Gand B obtained by the color conversion processing, by using a onedimensional LUT. The output gamma correction, in many cases, guaranteesa linear relation between an image data of 8 bits of each of colors C,M, Y, K, R, G and B inputted by correcting a relation between theprinting dot number per unit area which does not become linear andoutput characteristics (reflection density or the like) and outputcharacteristics of an image to be formed.

Further, the image data of 8 bits of each of colors C, M, Y, K, R, G andB is quantized in accordance with the printing mechanism of the printer13 at a quantization processing section 104. For example, if the printer13 is a binary printer, the image data of 8 bits is quantized to thedata of one bit (binary value) of each of colors C, M, Y, K, R, G and B.This quantization method can use a known error diffusion method ordither method. It should be noted that this quantization processingperforms, for example, quantization to four level values larger than abinary value, and in a printer, a dot pattern expansion may be madebased upon the data of the four level values to finally obtain a binarydata for driving the print head.

Color Separation Method

Creation of a color separation table of a three-dimension LUT form usedin a color conversion processing section 102 (FIG. 17) will be made asfollows. First, lattice points in LUT of a cube shown in FIG. 18 aredefined. In the embodiment, the lattice points of LUT are defined by,for example the upper 4 bits among inputted 8-bit data of each of R, Gand B. In this case, lattice points of 24×24×24 in the cube shown inFIG. 18 are defined in accordance with RGB signals. In addition, thelower 9-bit data among inputted 8-bit data of each of R, G and B areused as weighing data (ratio of internal division) in the interpolationcalculation. Here, the lattice point White in FIG. 18 is a point(lattice point) where a set of color signals (R, G and B) are specifiedby (255, 255, 255). Likewise, magenta is a point specified by (255, 0,255), and yellow is a point specified by (255, 255, 0). Further, red isa point specified by (255, 0, 0). Green is a point specified by (0, 255,0). Blue is a point specified by (0, 0, 255). Black is a point specifiedby (0, 0 and 0).

In the cube in FIG. 18 where such lattice points are defined, thelattice point, for which an ink amount (value of 8 bits of each of Y, M,C, K, R, G and B) is to be determined by the color separation method inthe embodiment, is selected. More specifically, the color separationprocessing is executed with respect to lattice points on each of a W-C(B, M, R, Y, and G) line and a C (B, M, R, Y and G)-k line, each of C-B,C-G, B-M, M-R, R-Y and Y-G lines, and a W-K line, respectively, todetermine the ink amount. Combinations of ink amounts of respectivecolor as thus determined lattice point data are made to correspond tothe lattice points to be stored as a table data.

Further, an ink amount of the lattice point other than points on theabove lines in the cube is determined based on the lattice point data ofeach line defined as described above, by using an interpolation. Anexample of this method may use an interpolation technique disclosed inJapanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-33930. Thus obtained lattice pointdata other than points on the lines are, likewise, made correspond tothe lattice points to be stored.

The embodiment of the present invention uses a particular colorrecording material as a complementary color in a color separation at alow lightness portion of a device secondary color defined as a color ona G-K line 42 shown in FIG. 18. Hereinafter, this color separation ofthe embodiment will be explained in comparison with cases that use arecording material of a basic color or a quasi-basic color as acomplementary color.

It should be noted that here, particular color G ink reproducing asecondary color on the G-K line 42 is of realizing high lightness andhigh chroma. Comparative examples and an embodiment use particular colorG ink and basic color C and Y ink commonly for the respective colorseparation on the G-K line. Then, the comparative examples andembodiment, in which different recording materials (inks) are used as acomplementary color component in addition to the above stated inks, willbe explained.

Comparative Example 1 Color Separation A1 without Particular Color

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing color separation for the G-K line shown inFIG. 18, in a six-color ink system of C, M, Y, K, LC and LM without useof a particular color.

In FIG. 19, the left end of a lateral axis is a device secondary color G((R, G and B)=(0, 255, 0)) and the right end of the lateral axis is adevice K ((R, G and B)=(0, 0 and 0)), and the longitudinal axis showseach color ink use amount.

In this example, the device secondary color on the G-K line is basicallycomposed of a pure color component formed with a color mixture of basiccolor C ink and basic color Y ink. This pure color component remainssubstantially constant from a point G to a point immediately before apoint of the device K, reduces immediately before the device K point,and becomes zero at the device K point.

As the complementary color components for the G-K line, LM, M, and Kinks are used. From the device secondary G point, LM ink is used forpreventing a granular feeling while lowering lightness and chrome at thesame time, and is switched by M ink at a point where dots becomeunnoticeable even if M is added. The lightness and the chroma arelowered at the same time with a continuous increase of M, and K startsto enter at a point where dots become unnoticeable even if K is added.After that, K monotonically increases to the device K.

The color reproduction by the above described color separation A1 ismade like a reproduction line a1 in each of FIGS. 2, 20 and 21. As seenfrom these figures, in the color separation A1 without use of theparticular color, although the hue on the G-K line is made substantiallya desired hue, the chroma is low as a whole and particularly thisinclination is significant at the dark portion (FIG. 2).

Comparative Example 2 Color Separation A2 (without Hue Adjustment on theG-K Line) Using a Pure Color Component as in Comparative Examples 3 and4 and Using K Only as a Complementary Color Component

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a case of using K only as a complementarycolor component in the color separation for the G-K line, which usesinks of four colors of Y, K and G including particular color G ink. Itshould be noted that, for comparison, there is shown color separationwhere the pure color component is fixed, the hue adjustment on the G-Kline is not made and only the complementary color component is simplychanged.

As shown in FIG. 22, a device secondary color G is expressed with a purecolor component composed of a color mixture of particular color G inkand basic color Y ink for toning the particular color G ink. Closer tothe dark portion, the particular color G ink is reduced and the basiccolor C ink and the basic color Y ink are increased once. Thereafter,the basic color C ink and the basic color Y ink are reduced immediatelybefore a device K point for lowering the chroma and the lightness. Itshould be noted that an ink amount of the basic color Y ink is reducedearlier than that of the basic color C ink and this is the result due toadjustment of the hue at the dark portion.

In this example, the K ink is used as the complementary color component,starts to enter from a slightly darker point than the device secondary Gpoint and monotonically increases toward the device K point. It shouldbe noted that the reason the input starting portion of the K ink is notthe device secondary color G point, but the slightly darker point isthat both of the chroma and the lightness are lowered only by reducingthe particular color G ink with high chrome and high lightness andreplacing it for a color mixture of the basic color C ink and thefundamental Y ink.

The color reproduction by this color separation A2 becomes like areproduction line a2 on an a* b* plane shown in FIG. 21. As seen fromthe figure, in the color separation A2, the hue on the G-K line deviatesrelatively largely from a desired hue.

Comparative Example 3 Color Separation A3 Using a Pure Color Componentas in Comparative Examples 2 and 4 and Using Gry and K as ComplementaryColor Components

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a case of using Gry and K as complementarycolor components in color separation for the G-K line, using ink of fivecolors of C, Y, K, G and Gry including particular color G ink. Also inthis example, for comparison, the pure color component is fixed, the hueadjustment on the G-K line is not made and only the complementary colorcomponents are simply changed.

An ink use amount of the pure color component is similar to that in acase in FIG. 22 relating to the comparative example 2.

In an example shown in FIG. 23, as the complementary color components,the Gry ink and the K ink are used. The lightness and the chroma arelowered at a region little distant from the device secondary color Gpoint by respective decrease and increase of the particular color G, andthe basic colors C and Y. Thereafter, the complementary color componentsare added. The Gry ink is used for decreasing the granular feeling whilereducing lightness and chroma at the same time, and the K ink starts tobe used at a point where dots become unnoticeable even if the K ink isadded. After that, the K ink monotonically increases to the device Kpoint.

The color reproduction by the above described color separation A3becomes like a reproduction line a3 shown in FIG. 21 or the like. Asseen from the figure, in the color separation A3, the hue on the G-Kline deviates relatively largely from a desired hue.

Comparative Example 4 Color Separation A4 Using Pure Colors as inComparative Examples 2 and 3 and Using M and K as Complementary ColorComponents

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a case of using M and K inks ascomplementary color components in a color separation for the G-K lineshown in FIG. 18, using ink of five colors of C, M, Y, K and G includingparticular color G ink. In this example, as is similar to the above, forcomparison, the pure color components are fixed, the hue adjustment onthe G-K line is not made and only the complementary color component issimply changed.

An ink use amount of the pure color components are similar to that in acase in FIG. 22 relating to the comparative example 2.

As shown in FIG. 24, as the complementary color components, the M inkand the K ink are used. At a little distance point from the devicesecondary color G point, the M ink of the complementary color componentis added. The M ink is used for preventing the granular feeling whilelowering lightness and chroma at the same time, and the K ink starts tobe used at a point where dots become unnoticeable even if the K ink isadded. After that, the K ink monotonically increases to the device K.

The color reproduction by this color separation A4 becomes like areproduction line a4 in FIG. 21 or the like. As seen from the figures,in the color separation A4, the hue on the G-K line deviates relativelylargely from a desired hue.

In the comparative examples 2 to 4 as described above, the ink amount ofthe pure color components are fixed and the ink amount of thecomplementary color components only are replaced for comparison.However, in a case where it is required to exactly compare the chroma asin the case of the embodiment of the present invention, the comparisonin a state where the hue deviates is in fact meaningless. That is, thechroma C* is determined simply as a Euclidean distance from a point (a*,b*)=(0, 0) like the above formula: Formula 8. From this point, it ispossible to conduct the comparison is possible even if the hue of acomparison object deviates. However, it can not be thought that thecolor separation table where the hue deviates relatively largely likethe reproduction line a4 in FIG. 21 is made without color adjustment.

Therefore, there are hereinafter explained comparative examples wherethe minimum color adjustment is made with regard to an ink amount of thepure color components for making the G-K line a desired hue like thereproduction line b1 shown in FIG. 20.

Comparative Example 5 Color Separation B1 (Ink Amount of the Pure ColorComponent is Different) in Which the Hue on the G-K Line is Adjusted tobe the Same as in Comparative Examples 6 and 7, and K is Only Used as aComplementary Color Component

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing color separation for the G-K line shown inFIG. 18, using ink of four colors of C, Y, K and G including particularcolor G ink. This example of the color separation shows that K ink isonly used as a complementary color component and ink of the pure colorcomponents are adjusted so that the G-K line is nearly linearlyreproduced on the a* b* plane.

As shown in FIG. 25, the particular color G ink is reduced and the basiccolor C and the basic color Y are reduced as in the case of the colorseparation in FIG. 22. However, the Y ink use amount at the dark portionis increased for toning.

The K ink is used as the complementary color component as in the case ofthe color separation in FIG. 22, starts to enter from a slightly darkerpoint than the device secondary color G point and monotonicallyincreases to the device K point.

The color reproduction by this color separation B1 becomes like areproduction line b1 on the C* L* plane shown in FIG. 2. As seen fromthe figure, in the color separation B1, the color reproduction at thedark portion on the G-K line is made convex upwards and the chroma isnot sufficient.

Comparative Example 6 Color Separation B2 in Which the Hue on the G-KLine is Adjusted to be the Same as in Comparative Examples 5 and 7, andGry and K are Used as Complementary Color Components

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing color separation for the G-K line, usingink of five colors of C, Y, K, G and Gry including particular color Gink. This example of color separation shows that the Gry ink and the Kink are used as complementary color components and inks of the purecolor components are adjusted so that the G-K line is nearly linearlyreproduced on the a* b* plane.

As shown in FIG. 26, the particular color G ink is reduced and the basiccolor C and the basic color Y are also reduced as in the case of thecolor separation in FIG. 22. However, the Y ink at the dark portion isincreased for toning.

As in the case of the color separation in FIG. 23, as the complementarycolor components, the Gray ink and the K ink are used. At a littledistant point from the device secondary color G point, the Gray ink ofthe complementary color component is added. Thus the Gry ink is used forpreventing the granular feeling while lowering lightness and chroma atthe same time and the K ink starts to be used at a point where dotsbecome unnoticeable even if the K ink is added. After that, the K inkmonotonically increases to the device K.

The color reproduction by this color separation B2 becomes like areproduction line b2 shown in FIG. 2. As seen from the figure, in thecolor separation B2, the color reproduction at the dark portion on theG-K line is made convex upwards and the chroma is not sufficient.

Comparative Example 7 Color Separation B3 in Which the Hue on the G-KLine is Adjusted to be the Same as in Comparative Examples 5 and 6, andM and K Inks are Used as Complementary Color Components

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing color separation for the G-K line, usingink of five colors of C, M, Y, K and G including particular color G ink.This color separation shows that the M ink and the K ink are used ascomplementary color components and inks of the pure color components areadjusted so that the G-K line is nearly linearly reproduced on the a* b*plane.

As shown in FIG. 27, the particular color G ink is reduced and the basiccolor C and the basic color Y are also reduced as in the case of thecolor separation in FIG. 22. However, the Y ink at the dark portion isused in a large amount for toning.

As in the case of the color separation in FIG. 29, as ink of thecomplementary color components, the M ink and the K ink are used. At alittle distance point from the device secondary color G point, the M inkof the complementary color component is added. Thus the M ink is usedfor preventing the granular feeling, while lowering lightness and chromaat the same time, and the K ink starts to be used at a point where dotsbecome unnoticeable even if the ink K is added. After that, the K inkmonotonically increases to the device K.

The color reproduction by this color separation B3 becomes like areproduction line b3 shown in FIG. 2. As seen from this figure, in thecolor separation B3, the color reproduction at the dark portion on theG-K line is made convex upwards and the chroma is not sufficient.

As described above, in the case of comparative examples using basiccolors and quasi-basic colors as complementary color components, asufficiently high chroma can not be achieved at the dark portion in thecolor reproduction region of a printer.

In contrast, the embodiment of the present invention uses the particularcolor R ink as a complementary color component for the device secondarycolor G, so as to realize high chroma at the dark portion in the colorreproduction region of a printer.

Embodiment: Color Separation B4 in Which the Hue on the G-K Line isAdjusted to be the Same as Complementary Color Components in ComparativeExamples 5, 6 and 7, and R and K Inks are Used as Complementary ColorComponents

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing color separation according to an embodimentof the present invention for the G-K line shown in FIG. 18, using ink offive colors of C, Y, K, R and G including particular color G ink. Thiscolor separation uses the R ink and the K ink as complementary colorcomponents and further, inks of the pure color components are adjustedso that the G-K line is nearly linearly reproduced on the a* b* plane.

As shown in FIG. 28, the device secondary color G-K is reproduced withink of a pure color component formed by the color mixture of theparticular color G ink and the basic color Y ink for toning thisparticular color G ink. Closer to the dark portion, the particular colorG ink is less used. Along with it, the basic color C and Y inks areincreased once. Thereafter, the basic color C and Y inks are reducedimmediately before a device K point so as to lower the chroma and thelightness. Here, an ink amount of the basic color Y ink is reducedearlier than that of the basic color C ink. This is because ofadjustment of the hue at the dark portion. It should be noted that inthe present specification, “dark portion” means a region of colorshaving lower lightness than that of a color having the maximum chroma,in color changing such as the above Green to Black. In addition, in thelow lightness side, a region of a color having relatively low lightnessmeans “dark portion”.

In the embodiment, the particular color R ink and the K ink are used asink of the complementary color components. By thus using the particularcolor R ink as the complementary color component, as compared to a caseof using M and K as the complementary color components in the colorseparation shown in FIG. 27 (comparative example 7), color adjustment bythe Y ink of the pure color component becomes unnecessary. In addition,the complementary color M ink and the pure color Y ink for the coloradjustment can be thus replaced by a single color of the particularcolor R only, thereby reducing a sum of the ink ejection amount.

A use amount of the particular color G ink with high chroma is loweredat a region of the line little distant from the device secondary color Gpoint, and the reduced amount is replaced by the color mixture of thebasic color C and Y inks, thereby lowering both the lightness and thechroma.

Then, the particular color R ink of the complementary color componentbegins to be added at a little distant point from the device secondarycolor G point. The R ink is thus used for preventing the granularfeeling while lowering lightness and chroma at the same time, and the Kink starts to be used at a point where dots become unnoticeable even ifthe K ink is added. After that, the K ink monotonically increases to thedevice K.

The color reproduction by the color separation B4 according to theembodiment becomes like the reproduction line b4 in each of FIGS. 2 and20. As seen from FIG. 20, the reproduction line b4 is formed as of adesired hue. Further, as seen from FIG. 2, the reproduction line b4 bythis color separation B4 is nearly linear from the device secondarycolor G point to the device K and sufficient chroma can be obtained inthe reproduction at the dark portion on the G-K line.

Coloring Mechanism in the Embodiment

First, pigment ink used as ink of the embodiment and the characteristicswill be explained.

(Coloring Characteristic of Pigment Ink)

Dye ink is formed of color materials having a small particle diameterand is in a molten state in a solvent and has the properties of beingeasily permeated into a fiber inside of a paper. On the other hand,pigment ink is formed of color materials having a large particlediameter and is simply in a discrete state in a solvent and has theproperties of being hard to be permeated into a fiber inside of a paperand being easily flocculated.

Since in coloring, the dyestuff is colored in a molecule state of acoloring matter or in a cluster state thereof, the number of thecoloring matter in coloring increases, making it possible to performcoloring with high density. However, since the pigment is formed ofparticles, the number of the coloring matter in coloring is small andthe coloring density is low. In addition, in the dyestuff, incidentlight is reflected on each color ink layer formed in an inside of theprint medium, thereby contributing all of mixed ink for coloring. On theother hand, since in the pigment, incident light is almost all reflectedon the ink layer at the most upward attached, the chroma has thetendency of being easily reduced in the case of the color mixture.

That is, in the dyestuff system, as colors are mixed, the absorptionlight region increases corresponding to an amount of the color mixture.On the other hand, in the pigment system, in an absorption light zone offirst ink, in a case where second ink has a large reflectioncoefficient, light which is supposed to be absorbed essentially isreflected by the effect of the second ink, the spectrum by the colormixture has the tendency of being easily broad.

That is, the coloring characteristic of pigment has the feature that ascompared to dyestuff, the chroma in a single color is lower, the chromais easily reduced by the color mixture and further, the color adjustmenteffect by the color mixture is lower.

It should be noted that for the above reasons, as the other propertiesof the pigment, as compared to the dyestuff, weather-resistance (ozoneproof, NOx proof and ultraviolet ray proof) and water resistance areexcellent and on the other hand, long-term preservation stability andejection stability are inferior.

(Composition of Pigment Ink)

An example of a pigment ink composition showing such coloringcharacteristic includes the following.

(Aqueous Medium)

Aqueous ink of the present invention includes a blended solvent of waterand a soluble organic solvent. Examples of soluble organic solvents canselectively include the following. More specially, for example, itincludes: alkyl alcohol of carbon numbers 1 to 4 such as methyl alcohol,ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-buthyl alcohol,sec-buthyl alcohol and tert-buthyl alcohol; amides such asdimethylforamide and dimethylacetoamide; ketone such as acetone anddiaceton alcohol or ketone alcohol; ether such as tetrahydrofuran anddioxane; polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol andpolypropylene glycol; alkylene glycol in which 2 to 6 carbon atoms areincluded in alkylene group such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,buthylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexane triol, thiodi glycol,hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol; lower alkyletheracetate such aspolyethylene glycol monomethyletheracetate; glycerin; lower alkyletherof multiple alcohol such as ethyleneglycolmonomethyl (or ethyl) ether,diethyleneglycolmethyl (or ethyl) ether and triethyleneglycolmonomethyl(or ethyl) ether; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, and1,3-dimethyl-2imidazolydinone. In addition an example of waterpreferably includes deionized water.

The content of a soluble organic solvent in the soluble ink of thepresent invention is not particularly limited and it is desired topreferably set the content within a range of 3 to 50% by mass to thetotal ink mass. In addition, it is preferable that an amount of watercontained in the ink is within a range of 50 to 95% by mass to the totalink mass.

(Coloring Material)

Next, a coloring material of the present invention will be explained. Acoloring material constituting aqueous ink of the present invention isnot particularly limited as long as the coloring material can be used asaqueous ink. More specially the coloring material may include a solubledyestuff containing an anionic group, a pigment of a resin dispersiontype using a dispersant (resin dispersion type pigment), a pigment of aself-dispersion type introducing a hydrophile group on a surface of apigment particle (self-dispersion type pigment), a pigment modified bychemically bonding an organic group containing polymer molecules on asurface of the pigment particle (resin bonding type self-dispersionpigment), and a pigment such as a micro capsule type pigment which canbe dispersed by increasing dispersibility of an insoluble coloringmaterial itself without use of a dispersant or the like. A ratio of acoloring material to a total ink amount is 0.1 to 15% by mass, morepreferably 1 to 10% by mass. Hereinafter, the dyestuff and pigment whichcan be used in the present invention will be explained.

(Pigment)

The pigment which can be used in an aqueous ink of the present inventionis not particularly limited and examples of the pigment may include anyof the following.

A carbon black is suitable for a pigment used in black color ink. Forexample, the carbon black such as furnace black, lamp black, acetyleneblack and channel black can be used. More specially for example,examples of the carbon black can include Raven7000, Raven5750,Raven5250, Raven5000ULTRA, Raven3500, Raven2000, Raven1500, Raven1250,Raven1200, Raven1190ULTRA-II, Raven 1170, Raven1255 (the above made byColumbia Co.), Black Pearls L, Regal400R, Regal330R, Regal660R, Mogul L,Monarch700, Monarch800, Monarch880, Monarch900, Monarch1000,Monarch1100, Monarch1300, Monarch1400, Monarch2000, Valcan XC-72R (theabove made by Cabot Co.), Color Black FW1, Color Black FW2, Color BlackFW2V, Color Black FW18, Color Black FW200, Color Black S150, Color BlackS160, Color Black S170, Printex35, Printex U, Printex V, Printex140U,Printex140V, Special Black6, Special black5, Special Black4A, Specialblack4 (the above made by Degssa Co.) and commercially availableproducts such as No. 25, No. 33, No. 40, No. 47, No. 52, No. 900, No.2300, MCF-88, MA600, MA7, MA8 and MA100 (the above made by MitsubishiChemistry Co.). In addition, a carbon black modified newly for thepresent invention may be used. However, the present invention is notlimited to these, and may use a conventional known carbon black. Inaddition, the present invention is not limited to the carbon black, butmay use a magnetic substance particle such as magnetite and ferrite or ablack pigment such as titanium black.

More specially, examples of an organic pigment may include an insolubleazo pigment such as toluidine reds, toluidine maroons, hansa yellows,benzidine yellows and pyrazolone reds, a soluble azo pigment such asritol reds, heliobordeaux, pigment scarlett, and permanent reds 2B, aderivative from an architecture dyestuff such as alizaline, indanthroneand thioindigo maroons, a phthalocyanine pigment such as phthalocyanblues and phthalocyan greens, a quinacridone pigment such asquinacridone reds and quinacridone magenta, perylene pigment such asperylene reds and perylene scarletts, an isoindolynone pigment such asisoindolynone yellows and isoindolynone oranges, an imidazole pigmentsuch as benzimidazorone yellows, benzimidazorone oranges andbenzimidazorone reds, a pylansron pigment such as pylansron reds andpylansron oranges, an indigoid pigment, a condensation azo pigment, athioindigoid pigment, a diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, flabansronyellows, acylamide yellows, quinophtharon yellows, nickel azo yellows,copper azomethylene yellows, perynon oranges, anthrone oranges,dianthrakynonele reds and dioxazine violets. Needless to say, thepigment is not limited to these, but may include other organic pigments.

When the organic pigments which may be used are shown in a color indexnumber, for example, C.I pigment yellows are shown by 12, 13, 14, 17,20, 24, 74, 83, 86, 93, 97, 109, 110, 117, 120, 125, 128, 137, 138, 147,148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 166, 168, 180, 185, C.I. pigment oranges areshown by 16, 36, 43, 51, 55, 59, 61, 71, C.I. pigment reds are shown by9, 48, 49, 52, 53, 57, 97, 122, 123, 149, 168, 175, 176, 177, 180, 192,215, 216, 217, 220, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 238, 240, 254, 255, 272,C.I. pigment violets are shown by 19, 23, 29, 30, 37, 40, 50, C.I.pigment blues are shown by 15, 15:1, 15:3, 15:4, 15:6, 22, 60, 64, C.I.pigment greens are shown by 7, 36 and C.I. pigment browns are shown by23, 25, and 26.

In addition, any of soluble resins may be used as a dispersant fordispersing a pigment into ink, but it is preferable that a dispersanthas an averaging molecule weight in a range of 1000 to 30000, morepreferably 3000 to 15000. Preferred examples of such dispersants includea block copolymer composed of at least two monomers (at least one ofthem is a hydrophile monomer) selected from including a styrene, astyrene derivative, a vinyl naphthalene, a vinyl naphthalene derivativeand aliphatic alcohol ester of α, β ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acidacrylic acids, acrylic acid derivatives, maleic acids, maleic acidderivatives, itaconic acids, itaconic acid derivatives, fumaric acids,fumaric acid derivatives, acetic vinyl, vinylpyrrolidone, acrylamide,and the derivatives, or a random copolymer, a graft copolymer, or saltthereof. Or a natural resin such as rosin, shellac and amylum may bepreferably used as the dispersant. These resins are soluble in anaqueous solution where a base is dissolved and alkali soluble resins. Itshould be noted that it is preferable that soluble resins used as thepigment dispersants are contained in a range of 1 to 5% by mass to thetotal ink mass.

(Other Component)

An aqueous ink in the present invention, for maintaining moisturing, mayuse a moisturizing solid content such as urea, urea derivative,trimechylolpropane and trimechylolethane as ink components in additionto the above components. In general, the content of the moisturizingsolid content in the ink is preferably in a range of 0.1 to 20.0% bymass, more preferably 3.0 to 10.0% by mass.

In addition, ink for an ink jet printing apparatus of the presentinvention may contain various additives such as a ph adjuster, anantirust, an antiseptic, an antimold agent, an antioxidant, a reductionprevention agent and an evaporation accelerator as needed in addition tothe above-mentioned components.

(Each Coloring of Pigment Inks)

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a spectrum of coloring characteristic ofeach color pigment ink. Each ink of basic colors, quasi-basic colors andparticular colors has the following spectrum characteristic.

Basic color C ink reflects light in short and medium wave length regionsand absorbs light in a long wave length region.

Basic color M ink reflects light in short and long wave length regionsand absorbs light in a medium wave length region. The reflectioncoefficient is higher in the long wave length region than in thevicinity of wave length 610 [nm], is slight in the vicinity of wavelength 380 to 460 [nm] and is almost zero in a region of other wavelengths.

Basic color Y ink reflects light in medium and long wave length regionsand absorbs light in a short wave length region.

Though quasi-basic color LC ink has the same spectrum as the basic colorC ink, the quasi-basic color LC ink has a higher reflection coefficientto be bright in a region of all wave lengths.

Though quasi-basic color LM ink has the same spectrum as the basic colorC ink, the quasi-basic color LM ink has a high reflection coefficient tobe bright in a region of all wave lengths.

Particular color R ink reflects light in a long wave length region andabsorbs light in short and medium wave length regions. The reflectioncoefficient is higher in the long wave length region than in thevicinity of wave length 600 [nm], and is almost zero in a region ofother wave lengths.

Particular color G ink reflects light in a medium wave length region andabsorbs light in short and long wave length regions. The particularcolor G ink has a spectrum shape such that it has a peak point in thevicinity of wave length 520 [nm] and a mountain shape in a range of wavelength 400 to 600 [nm], and the reflection coefficient is almost zero ina region of other wave lengths.

Quasi-basic color K ink absorbs light in a region of all wave lengths.

Quasi-basic color Gry ink absorbs, not so much as the basic color K ink,light in a region of all wave lengths.

As described above, in a case of mixing the particular color G ink withthe basic color M ink, slight reflection occurs in the range of wavelength 380 to 960 [nm] and coloring has the tendency that the lightnessis high and the chroma is low closer to blues. On the other hand, in acase of mixing the particular color G ink with the particular color Rink, the reflection does not occur in this range of the wave length, andthe color reproduction with dark and high chroma is made whilemaintaining the hue of green.

FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a spectrum by the color mixture print ofpure color components of C, Y, and G inks, a spectrum by particularcolor G ink and a spectrum by the complementary color component of Rink, in color separation B4 shown in FIG. 28. FIG. 30 also shows aspectrum of the complementary color component of M ink in colorseparation B3 shown in FIG. 27.

A spectrum by the color mixture print of each ink of the pure colorcomponents of C, Y and G is compared with a spectrum by thecomplementary color component of M ink. As shown in FIG. 30, the zone ofgreens as the color mixture is in the vicinity of wave length 520 [nm],and on the other hand, an absorption light zone of the complementarycolor component of M ink is wave length 560 [nm], and further, thereflection coefficient of the M ink is relatively large in the vicinityof wave length 480 [nm]. Accordingly, even if the M ink of thecomplementary color component is added to ink of the pure colors of C, Yand G, the lightness is not lowered because of a secondary reflectioncomponent of the M ink, and the spectrum is broad. It is estimated thathigh chroma can not be obtained at the dark portion.

On the other hand, when a spectrum by the color mixture print of thepure color components of C, Y and G is compared with a spectrum of theparticular color R ink, the following is found out. As shown in FIG. 30,the zone of greens as the color mixture is in the vicinity of wavelength 520 [nm], and on the other hand, an absorption light zone of theparticular color R is substantially equal, and therefore, the particularcolor R is an idealized complementary color for the color mixture interms of spectrum. Further, in the vicinity of wave length 480 [nm]where the secondary reflection of the M ink is generated, the particularcolor R maintains a relatively small reflection coefficient and has alittle secondary reflection. Accordingly, when the particular color Rink is used as complementary colors for each ink of the pure colors ofC, Y and G, the lightness is sufficiently lowered and also lowering ofthe chroma by the secondary reflection is not invited. Therefore, it isestimated that high chrome can be obtained at the dark portion.

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing, as a spectrum, a reproduction line at thedark portion by each of the color separations A1 and B1 to B4. As seenfrom this figure, in a case of using particular color R ink as thecomplementary color component for the G-K line (cases of reproductionlines b4 and b5), the spectrum has a steeper peak at the dark portionthan in a case of using basic colors or quasi-basic colors as thecomplementary color components (cases of reproduction lines b1, b2 andb3). With this, it is found out that in a case of using the particularcolor R ink as the complementary color component, the color reproductionwith higher chroma can be realized.

(Modification 1)

A first modification of the embodiment is an example of color separationB5 of adjusting the hue on G-K line with the complementary colorcomponents of R, Gry and K.

FIG. 32 is a diagram showing color separation for the G-K line in FIG.18 according to a modification of the present invention, using ink ofsix colors of C, Y, K, R, G and Gry including the particular color G inkand using ink of complementary color components of Gry, R and K. Thiscolor separation shows an example that the G-K line is adjusted in sucha manner as to be substantially linear on an a* b* plane.

The color separation B5 shown in FIG. 32 is basically the same as thecolor separation in the embodiment shown in FIG. 28. However, when Gryink is used from the vicinity of the device secondary color G point andthe particular color R ink begin to be added from a point where thegranular feeling become unnoticeable as the complementary colorcomponent.

The above color separation may be used in a case where the granularfeeling by the Gry ink is lower than that by the R ink, and then thegranular feeling in the vicinity of the device secondary color G can beimproved.

The color reproduction by the color separation B5 in the embodimentbecomes like the reproduction line b5 in each of FIGS. 2 and 20. As seenfrom FIG. 20, the reproduction line b5 by this color reproduction B5 isformed as of a desired hue. Further, as seen from FIG. 2, thereproduction line b5 by this color separation B5 is substantially linearfrom the device secondary color G point to the device K and sufficientchroma can be obtained in the reproduction at the dark portion on theG-K line.

(Modification 2)

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing color separation in a second modificationof the above embodiment. This color separation uses ink of five colorsof M, Y, K, R, and G including the particular color R ink and uses inksof G and K as complementary color components for the color reproductionon R-K line in FIG. 18.

The color separation according to this modification, in which an objecthue (line) is different, uses the particular color R ink as the purecolor component and the particular color G ink as the complementarycolor component and is similar to the color separation shown in FIG. 28in terms of a basic configuration.

The color separation method according to the present invention isapplied to not only the G-K line but also can be broadened and appliedto the other hue easily.

Examples of a combination of the particular color used for each of thepure color and the complementary color include G-R (O), R (O)-G asdescribed above and further G-B (V), B (V)-G, R (O)-B (V), B (V)-R (O)or the like. Among the above combinations, there may be selected acombination where a pure color component and a particular color as acomplementary color candidate are blended to obtain a desired hue and ahigh effect as the complementary color.

Other Embodiment

The embodiment and the modifications described above have explained thecolor separation where a method of reducing the specific ink andincreasing the basic color C ink and the basic color Y ink is used as abasis of color separation on the G-K line in FIG. 18 and in addition toit, the other particular color ink is used as a complementary colorcomponent. However, an application of the present invention is notlimited to such method. For example, in a method where the constructionof the pure color component reproduces the device secondary color G-Kwith a single color of the particular color G ink, likewise theparticular color can be effectively used. In addition, in a method ofreproducing it with the particular color G ink and the basic color Y inkas the toning color component, and further, in a method of reproducingit with the particular color G ink and the basic color C as the toningcolor component, likewise the particular color can be effectively used.

In addition, the above example has explained a case where thequasi-basic color K is used at the device K point in a single form, butthe device K point may be composed of not only the quasi-basic color Kbut also the color mixture by the other color. Or the quasi-basic colorK may not be used at all. In addition, in such case, a method of usingthe particular color R at the device K point is also included in thescope of the present invention.

Further, a recent ink jet printer has demanded weather resistance evenin a dyestuff system. Therefore, there is dyestuff to be easilyflocculated, as dyestuff with high weather resistance. That is, in acase where the dyestuff is exposed to gases such as ozone and NOx orlight such as ultraviolet rays and dyestuff molecules on the surface aredestroyed, the internal molecules thereof survive. Since such dyestuffto be easily flocculated shows physical properties and coloringcharacteristics similar to those of the pigment exemplified by the aboveexplanation, the color separation of the present invention can beeffectively used to such dyestuff as in the case of the pigment.

In addition, in the embodiment and the modifications as described above,the color separation processing is executed by a host computer, but itis not limited to this without mentioning. For example, the colorseparation processing may be executed in a printing apparatus such as aprinter or a multi-function machine having a printing function andfurther, other plural functions.

In addition, in the embodiment and the modifications as described above,the color separation processing is executed by using a table but it isnot limited to this. For example, a conversion relation by a table maybe executed by calculation.

Further Embodiment

The present invention is put into practice by executing program codes ofsoftware such as those shown in FIG. 17, for example, which are suppliedto a computer in an apparatus or a system connected to various devicesto operate these devices so as to implement the functions of the abovedescribed embodiments, so that the various devices are operated inaccordance with the programs stored in the computer (CPU or MPU) of thesystem or apparatus. In this case, the program codes of the softwarethemselves implement the functions of the above described embodiments,so that the program codes themselves and means for supplying them to thecomputer, for example, a storage medium storing such program codesconstitute the present invention.

The storage medium storing such program codes may be, for example, afloppy disk, a hard disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, aCD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a non-volatile memory card, or a ROM.

In addition, if the functions of the above described embodiments areimplemented not only by the computer by executing the supplied programcodes but also through cooperation between the program codes and an OS(Operating System) running in the computer, another applicationsoftware, or the like, then these program codes are of course embracedin the embodiments of the present invention.

Furthermore, a case is of course embraced in the present invention,where after the supplied program codes have been stored in a memoryprovided in an expanded board in the computer or an expanded unitconnected to the computer, a CPU or the like provided in the expandedboard or expanded unit executes part or all of the actual process basedon instructions in the program codes, thereby implementing the functionsof the above described embodiments.

While the present invention has been described with reference toexemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is notlimited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of thefollowing claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as toencompass all such modifications and equivalent structures andfunctions.

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No.2006-148731, filed May 29, 2006, which is hereby incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

1. An image processing apparatus comprising: a processing unit and amemory which implement determining means for determining an amount ofeach of a recording material of green and a particular color recordingmaterial which express a color that is a complementary color to greenand has a hue different from respective hues expressed by each of basiccolor recording materials corresponding to three primary colors, asrecording materials used for color reproduction, so that, among colorsto be reproduced by using the recording material of green, a colorhaving a lightness lower than a lightness of a green having a maximumchroma is reproduced by using the recording material of green and theparticular color recording material.
 2. An image processing apparatus asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the determining means executes a colorseparation process by using a table, and the table stores the respectiveamounts of the recording material of green and particular colorrecording materials, which express the color having lower lightness, aslattice point data corresponding to a lattice point defined with colorsignals specifying the color having lower lightness.
 3. An imageprocessing apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the color havinglower lightness is a color of a portion on a line that is formed byjoining plural colors specified by the color signals.
 4. An imageprocessing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determiningmeans determines an amount of a basic color recording material so thatthe color having lower lightness is reproduced by using further thebasic color recording material, a hue expressed by the basic colorrecording material is adjacent to a hue expressed by the recordingmaterial of green.
 5. An image processing apparatus as claimed in claim4, wherein, in reflection spectra of colors, a reflection coefficient ofa color by the particular color recording material is lower than that ofa color by color mixture of the recording material of green and thebasic color recording material.
 6. An image processing apparatus asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the particular color recording material is arecording material of red.
 7. An image processing apparatus as claimedin claim 1, wherein the determining means determines an amount of arecording material of a second particular color recording material inaddition to determining amounts of the recording material of green andthe particular color recording material to reproduce the color havingthe lower lightness than a lightness of a green having a maximum chroma.8. An image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein thesecond particular color recording material is a recording material ofgray.
 9. An image processing method comprising: a determining step fordetermining an amount of each of a recording material of green and aparticular color recording material which express a color that is acomplementary color to green and has a hue different from respectivehues expressed by each of basic color recording materials correspondingto three primary colors, as recording materials used for colorreproduction, so that, among colors to be reproduced by using therecording material of green, a color having a lightness lower thanlightness of a green having a maximum chroma is reproduced by using therecording material of green and the particular color recording material.10. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a programcomprising program code means for performing the method of claim 9 whenthe program is run on a computer.
 11. A printing apparatus that performsprinting by using respective basic color recording materialscorresponding to three primary colors and particular color recordingmaterials which express different hues from respective hues expressedwith the basic color recording materials, the basic color recordingmaterials and the particular color recording materials being used forrecording on a recording medium, wherein in a case of reproducing atleast one color on a color reproduction line which comprises a straightline and which extends from a color having a maximum chroma to a colorof black and which is expressed with a recording material of green, aparticular color recording material as well the recording material ofgreen are used.
 12. A printing apparatus as claimed in claim 11, whereinthe particular color recording material is a recording material of red.13. An image processing method, wherein the method determines an amountof a recording material used for recording on a recording medium so thatat least one color on a straight line from green to black in apredetermined color space is reproduced by using a recording material ofgreen and a recording material of red.
 14. An image processing method,wherein the method determines an amount of a recording material used forrecording on a recording medium so that a recording material of red isused as a complementary color when reproducing a color on a straightline from green to black in a predetermined color space.
 15. A printingapparatus, wherein the apparatus is constructed to perform printing byusing a recording material of green and a recording material of red toreproduce a color on a straight line from green to black in apredetermined color space, wherein the recording material of green andthe recording material of red are used for recording on a recordingmedium.
 16. A printing apparatus, wherein the apparatus is constructedto perform printing by using a recording material of red used forrecording on a recording medium as a complementary color to reproduce acolor on a straight line from green to black in a predetermined colorspace.